定义：
In CPython, the global interpreter lock, or GIL, is a mutex that prevents multiple
native threads from executing Python bytecodes at once. This lock is necessary mainly
because CPython’s memory management is not thread-safe. (However, since the GIL
exists, other features have grown to depend on the guarantees that it enforces.)
结论：在Cpython解释器中，同一个进程下开启的多线程，同一时刻只能有一个线程执行，无法利用多核优势
from threading import Thread,Lock
import os,time
def work():
global n
lock.acquire()
temp=n
time.sleep(0.1)
n=temp-1
lock.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
lock=Lock()
n=100
l=[]
for i in range(100):
p=Thread(target=work)
l.append(p)
p.start()
for p in l:
p.join()
print(n) #结果肯定为0，由原来的并发执行变成串行，牺牲了执行效率保证了数据安全，不加锁则结果可能为99
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread
import os,time
def work():
res=0
for i in range(100000000):
res*=i
if __name__ == '__main__':
l=[]
print(os.cpu_count()) #本机为4核
start=time.time()
for i in range(4):
p=Process(target=work) #耗时5s多
p=Thread(target=work) #耗时18s多
l.append(p)
p.start()
for p in l:
p.join()
stop=time.time()
print('run time is %s' %(stop-start))
如果并发的多个任务是I/O密集型：多线程效率高
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread
import threading
import os,time
def work():
time.sleep(2)
print('===>')
if __name__ == '__main__':
l=[]
print(os.cpu_count()) #本机为4核
start=time.time()
for i in range(400):
# p=Process(target=work) #耗时12s多,大部分时间耗费在创建进程上
p=Thread(target=work) #耗时2s多
l.append(p)
p.start()
for p in l:
p.join()
stop=time.time()
print('run time is %s' %(stop-start))
